Exercises · A1
German A1 grammar-specific translations
Free A1 German grammar practice: learn every grammar topic through real sentences and get instant feedback.
German A1 grammar topics
Here you practise one rule at a time. Pick a topic and translate real sentences until the structure comes automatically. Below are the 27 A1 topics, with a short explanation and an example.
See all 27 A1 topics
Personalpronomen & Verbkonjugation
Use personal pronouns and regular verbs in the present tense.
Die Artikel
Use definite and indefinite articles such as „der“, „die“, „das“, „ein“ and „eine“.
Das Kind hört eine Geschichte. – The child hears a story.
„Sein“ & „haben“ im Präsens
Use the two most important verbs correctly in the present tense.
The full conjugation of the two most important German auxiliary verbs in the present tense. Examples for "sein" (to be): ich bin (I am tired), du bist (you are here), er/sie/es ist (he/she/it is tall), wir sind (we are ready), ihr seid (you plural are fast), sie/Sie sind (they/you formal are friendly). Examples for "haben" (to have): ich habe (I have time), du hast (you have luck), er/sie/es hat (he/she/it has a car), wir haben (we have hunger), ihr habt (you plural have vacation), sie/Sie haben (they/you formal have questions).
Das Auto ist rot. – The car is red.
Ja-/Nein-Fragen
Form questions without a question word correctly.
Question sentences that can be answered directly with a simple "Yes" or "No". In this sentence structure, there is no question word; instead, the conjugated verb moves to the very first position of the sentence, immediately followed by the subject (e.g., "Lernst du heute für die Prüfung?").
Arbeitet der Mann? – Does the man work?
Die Negation
Correctly distinguish between „nicht“ and „kein“.
The two primary ways of negating sentences in German. "Nicht" (not) negates verbs, adjectives, or entire clauses (e.g., "Ich schlafe nicht", "Das Auto ist nicht neu"). "Kein" (no/not a) is used exclusively to negate nouns that either have an indefinite article or no article at all (e.g., "Ich habe kein Geld", "Das ist keine Katze").
Das Brot ist nicht frisch. – The bread is not fresh.
Possessivartikel
Express possession with „mein“, „dein“, „sein“, „ihr“, etc.
Words that indicate ownership, possession, or relationship to a person or thing. Examples for all forms: mein (Das ist mein Buch), dein (Ist das dein Stift?), sein (Das ist sein Hund), ihr (Das ist ihr Fahrrad), unser (Das ist unser Haus), euer (Wo ist euer Auto?), ihr for plural (Das ist ihr Garten), and Ihr for the polite form (Wie ist Ihr Name?).
Das ist dein Schlüssel. – That is your key.
Unregelmäßige Verben
Conjugate common irregular verbs in the present tense.
Strong verbs that change their stem vowel in the present tense, specifically in the 2nd person singular (du) and 3rd person singular (er/sie/es). Typical shifts include changing from e to i/ie (e.g., geben -> du gibst, er gibt; sehen -> du siehst) or from a to ä (e.g., fahren -> du fährst, er fährt).
Das Kind weiß alles. – The child knows everything.
„Wo“, „woher“ & „wohin“
Ask about location, origin and direction.
Special question words used to precisely identify locations and directions. "Wo" asks about a fixed position or location (Wo wohnst du?). "Woher" asks about the origin, source, or starting point of a movement (Woher kommst du?). "Wohin" asks about the destination or direction of a movement (Wohin gehst du?).
Wo bist du? Ich bin zu Hause. – Where are you? I am at home.
Die Pluralbildung
Form plural forms of nouns correctly.
Nouns that possess a feminine biological or grammatical gender and use the article "die". This topic also covers the formation of the plural for all nouns, which varies greatly in German and is usually achieved through endings like -e, -en, -er, -s, or via a vowel change (umlaut) in the word stem (e.g., die Frau -> die Frauen; das Buch -> die Bücher).
Die Firma hat vier Mitarbeiter und zehn Mitarbeiterinnen. – The company has four male employees and ten female employees.
Fragewörter
Form questions with „wer“, „was“, „wie“ and „wann“.
Words used to introduce open-ended questions (W-questions) that demand a specific piece of information. "Wer" asks about people in the nominative case (Wer ist das?), "was" asks about things or activities (Was machst du?), "wie" asks about the manner, quality, or characteristics (Wie alt bist du?), and "wann" asks about a specific point in time or duration (Wann kommt der Zug?).
Wann beginnt der Unterricht? – When does the lesson start?
Trennbare Verben
Use separable verbs correctly in the present tense.
Verbs consisting of a base verb and a fixed prefix. In a standard main clause, this prefix separates from the main verb and moves to the absolute end of the sentence, while the main verb is conjugated in position 2 (e.g., anrufen -> Ich rufe dich heute Abend an; aufstehen -> Er steht jeden Morgen um sechs Uhr auf).
Der Kurs fängt um neun Uhr an. – The course starts at nine o'clock.
Artikel im Akkusativ & Dativ
Adapt articles to the accusative and dative cases.
The changes in the endings of definite and indefinite articles when a noun functions as a direct object in the accusative case (Wen/Was? -> den Mann, einen Mann) or as an indirect object in the dative case (Wem? -> dem Mann, einem Mann / der Frau, einer Frau).
Das Kind bringt der Mutter die Blumen. – The child brings the flowers to the mother.
Pronomen im Akkusativ & Dativ
Use personal pronouns such as „mich“, „mir“, „dich“ and „dir“ correctly.
Pronouns that function as grammatical objects instead of a noun. Examples in the dative case: mir (Er hilft mir), dir (Ich danke dir), ihm (Das Buch gehört ihm), ihr (Wir gratulieren ihr), uns (Sie antworten uns), euch (Ich schenke euch das), ihnen (Das gefällt ihnen), Ihnen (Ich danke Ihnen). Examples in the accusative case: mich (Sie sieht mich), dich (Ich liebe dich), ihn (Er sucht ihn), sie (Wir rufen sie), es (Ich nehme es), uns (Er besucht uns), euch (Wir fragen euch), sie/Sie (Ich grüße sie/Sie).
Dankst du den Leuten? Nein, ich danke ihnen nicht. – Do you thank the people? No, I don't thank them.
„Mögen“, „möchten“ & „gerne“
Express preferences, wishes and preferences.
Grammatical structures used in everyday communication to express polite wishes ("Ich möchte einen Kaffee trinken"), personal preferences for things ("Ich mag italienisches Essen"), or activities that someone enjoys doing regularly ("Ich spiele gerne Tennis").
Das Baby mag warme Milch. – The baby likes warm milk.
Modalverben
Use „können“, „müssen“, „wollen“, „sollen“, etc. in the present tense.
Auxiliary verbs that modify the meaning or tone of a main action, expressing concepts like obligation, permission, or ability. The six modal verbs are: können (ability), müssen (compulsion/necessity), dürfen (permission), sollen (duty/recommendation), wollen (strong intention), and mögen (liking/wish). In a standard sentence, the modal verb occupies position 2, and the main verb goes to the very end in its infinitive form.
Das Kind kann nicht lesen. – The child cannot read.
Der Imperativ
Express requests, commands and instructions.
The grammatical form used to issue requests, direct commands, polite pleas, prohibitions, or advice to one or more people. There are specific forms for the singular (Geh nach Hause!), the plural (Kommt bitte her!), and the formal polite form (Trinken Sie einen Tee!).
Bezahlen Sie die Rechnung. – Pay the bill. (polite)
Adjektive im Alltag
Use adjectives with „sehr“, „zu“, „so“ and „ziemlich“.
Words placed before an adjective to modify its intensity or degree. "Zu" expresses a negative excess (Das Hemd ist zu groß). "Sehr" strongly intensifies the meaning (Das Essen ist sehr lecker). "So" places strong emphasis or sets up a comparison (Du bist so nett!). "Ziemlich" indicates a moderate to relatively high degree (Der Test war ziemlich schwer).
Bist du sehr krank? Ja, ich bin ziemlich krank. – Are you very sick? Yes, I am quite sick.
Komposita
Form compound words such as „Haustür“ or „Fahrradhelm“.
Nomen created by combining two or more independent words (noun+noun, verb+noun, etc.). The final word at the end of the compound chain is called the base word ("Grundwort") and solely determines the grammatical gender and the article of the entire new word (e.g., das Haus + die Tür = die Haustür).
Das Auto fährt auf der Autobahn. – The car drives on the highway.
„Sein“ & „haben“ in der Vergangenheit
Use „sein“ and „haben“ in the simple past.
The past tense forms (Präteritum) of the two most important German verbs, widely used—especially in spoken language—to describe states or conditions in the past. Examples for "sein": ich war, du warst, er war, wir waren. Examples for "haben": ich hatte, du hattest, er hatte, wir hatten (e.g., Ich war gestern müde und ich hatte keine Zeit).
Das Haus war groß und hatte viele Zimmer. – The house was large and had many rooms.
„Es gibt“ + Akkusativ
Describe people and things with „es gibt“.
A fixed impersonal phrase used to state the existence or presence of things or people. The noun that immediately follows this phrase must strictly be in the accusative case within the sentence (e.g., Es gibt einen großen Park in dieser Stadt / Es gibt keine Fragen mehr).
Es gibt einen Film mit James Bond im Kino. – There is a James Bond movie in the cinema.
Das Perfekt
Express past actions using the perfect tense.
The past tense used for completed actions, formed using the auxiliary verbs "haben" or "sein" along with the past participle (Partizip II). Regular verbs always form their past participle with the prefix "ge-", the verb stem, and the ending "-t" (e.g., ich habe gelernt, er ist gereist, wir haben gespielt).
Am Sonntag sind wir in den Bergen gewandert. – On Sunday we hiked in the mountains.
Das Perfekt: unregelmäßige Verben
Form irregular verbs correctly in the perfect tense.
The past tense used for completed actions with strong (irregular) verbs. It is also formed using "haben" or "sein", but the past participle usually ends in "-en" and very frequently involves a vowel change in the word stem (e.g., ich habe gesprochen, er ist gegangen, wir haben gesungen).
Der Supermarkt hat pünktlich um 20 Uhr geschlossen. – The supermarket closed punctually at 8 p.m.
Konnektoren: „aber“, „oder“ & „und dann“
Connect simple statements.
Words that connect two main clauses without altering the standard word order (where the conjugated verb remains in position 2). "Aber" expresses a contrast (Ich bin müde, aber ich lerne weiter). "Oder" presents an alternative (Wir gehen ins Kino oder wir bleiben hier). "Und dann" connects two actions chronologically.
Das Kind hat geweint und dann hat es gelacht. – The child cried and then it laughed.
Temporale Adverbien
Use time expressions such as „immer“, „oft“, „manchmal“ and „nie“.
Adverbs that provide information regarding how often, when, or with what frequency a certain action occurs. Typical examples include: immer (100%), meistens, oft, manchmal (50%), selten, fast nie, and nie (0%) (e.g., Ich gehe manchmal im Park spazieren).
Das mache ich niemals! – I will never do that!
Lokale Präpositionen
Describe places and positions with „vor“, „neben“, „über“, etc.
Prepositions that describe a physical location or position and answer the question "Wo?" (Where?). In this context, they strictly require the dative case. Key examples include: vor (vor dem Haus), neben (neben dem Auto), hinter (hinter der Tür), über (über dem Tisch), and unter (unter dem Stuhl).
Das Auto fährt in den Tunnel. – The car drives into the tunnel.
„Vor“ & „seit“ mit Dativ
Formulate time expressions with „vor“ and „seit“.
Temporal prepositions that strictly require the dative case. "Vor" describes a point in time in the past that is fully completed (e.g., Vor einem Jahr habe ich kein Deutsch gesprochen). "Seit" describes a duration that started in the past and continues into the present moment (e.g., Seit einem Monat wohne ich in Berlin).
Die Familie hat vor dem Urlaub ein Klavier gekauft. – The family bought a piano before the vacation.
„Für“ & „bei“
Use the prepositions „für“ and „bei“ correctly.
Two vital prepositions with a fixed grammatical case. "Für" always demands the accusative case and indicates a purpose, recipient, or duration (Das Geschenk ist für dich). "Bei" always demands the dative case and indicates a location, a company, or simultaneity (Ich bin beim Arzt / Ich arbeite bei Siemens).
Das Essen ist für euch. – The food is for you (pl).
Frequently asked questions
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What is the difference between mixed and grammar-specific translations?
Mixed translations combine all topics, like a real conversation. Grammar-specific translations train one rule at a time. Try the other mode too.